Gucukumbura Ibiranga Umuvuduko Mucyo DC 500V SPD Kubagwa

Mw'isi igenda irushaho gukwirakwizwa n'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi na elegitoronike bihura n’iterabwoba rihoraho biturutse ku ihungabana ry’amashanyarazi ritateganijwe rishobora kwangiza no guhagarika ibikorwa.Abafata amashanyarazi makekwigaragaza nkabashinzwe kurinda sisitemu yamashanyarazi, itanga uburinzi bwingenzi bwumubyigano wumuvuduko wigihe gito na serge zishobora guhita zangiza ibikoresho byoroshye. Ibi bikoresho bihanitse bikora nk'inzitizi zikomeye, guhagarika no kuyobora ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikabije kure y'ibikorwa remezo bikomeye, bityo bikarinda ubusugire n'imikorere ya mudasobwa, imashini zikoresha inganda, sisitemu y'itumanaho, hamwe na elegitoroniki yo guturamo.

Gukorera mumashanyarazi atandukanye, mubisanzwe muri voltage nkeya nka sisitemu ya 500V DC, abata muri yombi babaga bakoresha tekinoroji igezweho kugirango bamenye kandi batesha agaciro amashanyarazi adashobora kwangiza muri milisegonda. Mugukurura, gufunga, cyangwa kuyobya ingufu z'amashanyarazi asagutse, ibyo bikoresho birinda ibikoresho byangiritse kunanirwa, kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga, no kuzamura sisitemu muri rusange. Kuva kurinda ibikoresho byubuvuzi bihanitse mubitaro kugeza kurinda uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura inganda hamwe na elegitoroniki yo mu rugo, abafata amashanyarazi make bagaragaza igisubizo cyingirakamaro mu ikoranabuhanga muri sosiyete yacu igezweho, ishingiye ku mashanyarazi, bigatuma imikorere ikomeza kandi ikarinda kwangirika kw’amashanyarazi kandi bihenze.

Urwego rwo Kurinda Umuvuduko

Abafata kubaga bashizweho kugirango bakore murwego rwihariye rwo kurinda voltage, mubisanzwe bakora sisitemu ya voltage nkeya kuva 50V kugeza 1000V AC cyangwa DC. Ubu buryo bwinshi bubafasha kurinda ibintu byinshi byamashanyarazi na elegitoronike mu nganda zitandukanye. Ubushobozi bwigikoresho cyo gucunga imbaraga za voltage zitanga uburinzi bwuzuye kurinda ihindagurika rito hamwe ningaruka zikomeye za voltage. Mugucunga neza urwego rwumubyigano, abafata surge barinda ibikoresho kwangirika mugukomeza gukora neza amashanyarazi.

Igihe cyigihe cyo gusubiza

Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi biranga umuyagankuba muke wafashwe nigihe cyo gusubiza byihuse bidasanzwe. Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukingira birashobora gukora kandi bikayobora ibyangiritse byangiza amashanyarazi muri nanosekondi, akenshi bitarenze nanosekondi 25. Iki gisubizo cyihuse cyerekana ko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye bikingiwe imbaraga zangiza za voltage mbere yuko zishobora kwangiza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Uburyo bwihuse bwo gusubiza bwifashisha tekinoroji ya semiconductor igezweho nka varisitori ya oxyde de oxyde (MOVs) hamwe nigituba gisohora gaze kugirango uhite umenya kandi uyobore ingufu zamashanyarazi zirenze.

Kwikiza no Kwerekana Impanuka

Abafata ubuhanga bukomeye bafata tekinoroji yo kwikiza ibemerera gukomeza ubushobozi bwo kurinda na nyuma yibintu byinshi byabaye. Ibi bikoresho byateye imbere bikoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe hamwe namahame yo gushushanya ashobora kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere no kugabanya imikorere mibi. Benshi mubata muri yombi ba kijyambere barimo ibipimo byubatswe cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura itanga ibimenyetso bisobanutse mugihe ubushobozi bwo kurinda igikoresho bwagabanutse cyane. Iyi mikorere iremeza ko abakoresha bashobora gusimbuza abata muri yombi mbere yo gutsindwa burundu, bikarinda intege nke ibikoresho bitunguranye. Uburyo bwo kwikiza busanzwe burimo tekinoroji ya oxyde ya varide (MOV) ishobora kugabanya imbaraga z'amashanyarazi kandi igakomeza imikorere idahwitse yibintu byinshi byabaye.

Surge Yubu Yihangane Ubushobozi

Abafata kubaga bashizweho kugirango bahangane n’urwego rwinshi rwiyongera, mubisanzwe bipimwa muri kiloamperes (KA). Ibikoresho byumwuga birashobora gukora ibintu byihuta kuva kuri 5 KA kugeza 100 KA, bitewe nibisabwa byihariye. Ubu buryo bukomeye bwo kwihanganira ubushobozi butuma abata muri yombi bashobora gukemura neza imvururu zikabije z’amashanyarazi, harimo n’izatewe n’umurabyo, guhinduranya amashanyarazi, cyangwa amashanyarazi akomeye. Ubushobozi bwa surge bwihanganira ubushobozi bugenwa nibikoresho byimbere byimbere nkibikoresho byihariye bya semiconductor, inzira ziyobowe neza, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe. Ibishushanyo mbonera byemerera abata muri yombi gusohora vuba ingufu nini zamashanyarazi bitabangamiye imikorere yigihe kirekire yo kurinda cyangwa kwangiza kabiri amashanyarazi yahujwe.

Ubushobozi bwo gukuramo ingufu

Abata muri yombi babaga bafite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza ingufu, bipimirwa muri joules. Ukurikije icyitegererezo cyihariye nogukoresha, ibyo bikoresho birashobora gukuramo ingufu zidasanzwe kuva kuri 200 kugeza 6.000 joules cyangwa irenga. Urwego rwo hejuru rwa joule rwerekana imbaraga nyinshi zo kurinda, kwemerera igikoresho kwihanganira ibintu byinshi byiyongera bitabangamiye imikorere yacyo yo kurinda. Uburyo bwo kwinjiza ingufu mubusanzwe burimo ibikoresho kabuhariwe bishobora gukwirakwiza vuba ingufu zamashanyarazi nkubushyuhe, bikabuza gukwirakwizwa binyuze mumashanyarazi no kwangiza ibikoresho bifitanye isano.

Uburyo bwinshi bwo Kurinda

Abaterankunga bateye imbere cyanetanga uburinzi bwuzuye muburyo bwinshi bw'amashanyarazi, harimo:
- Uburyo busanzwe (umurongo-utabogamye)
- Uburyo busanzwe (umurongo-ku-butaka)
- Uburyo butandukanye (hagati y'abayobora)
Ubu buryo bwinshi bwo kurinda butanga ubwuzuzanye bwubwoko butandukanye bw’ihungabana ry’amashanyarazi, bikemura inzira zitandukanye zishobora gukwirakwira. Mugukingira uburyo bwinshi icyarimwe, ibyo bikoresho bitanga uburyo bwo kwirwanaho bwuzuye kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki.

Ubushyuhe no Kurwanya Ibidukikije

Abafata umwuga wo gufata ibyemezo byubatswe kugirango bahangane n’ibidukikije bitoroshye. Mubisanzwe bapimwe kubushyuhe buri hagati ya -40? C kugeza kuri +85? C, byemeza imikorere ihamye mubidukikije bitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, ibyo bikoresho biranga uruzitiro rukomeye rurinda ibice by'imbere umukungugu, ubushuhe, hamwe na stress ya mashini. Impuzu zihariye zihuza hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho byongera igihe kirekire, bigatuma bikenerwa mubikorwa byinganda, ubucuruzi, nuburaro.

Ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana no kureba kure

Abafata imiti igezweho bashiramo tekinoroji igezweho yo kugenzura ituma igihe gikurikirana. Moderi nyinshi zigaragaza ibipimo bya LED byerekana imikorere, uburyo bwo kunanirwa, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurinda. Ibikoresho bimwe bihanitse bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana kure binyuze mumikoreshereze ya digitale, itanga isuzuma rihoraho ryimikorere yo gukingira. Ibiranga igenzura bifasha kubungabunga ibikorwa, bifasha abakoresha kumenya ingaruka zishobora gukingirwa mbere yo gutsindwa kwibiza.

Igishushanyo mbonera kandi gisanzwe

Abata muri iki gihe bafata ingamba zo gukora neza hamwe no guhinduka mubitekerezo. Impapuro zifatika zituma habaho kwinjiza mumashanyarazi asanzwe, imbaho ​​zo gukwirakwiza, hamwe nibikoresho byifashishwa. Ibishushanyo mbonera byorohereza kwishyiriraho, gusimbuza, no kuzamura sisitemu. Moderi nyinshi zishyigikira gari ya moshi ya DIN, ibigo bisanzwe byamashanyarazi, kandi bitanga uburyo bwo guhuza byinshi, byemeza guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bwamashanyarazi.

Kubahiriza no Kwemeza

Abafata ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bakorerwa ibizamini bikomeye kandi bagatanga ibyemezo, bakurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga nka:
- IEC 61643 (Ibipimo mpuzamahanga bya komisiyo ishinzwe amashanyarazi)
- IEEE C62.41 (Ikigo cy’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga cya elegitoroniki)
- UL 1449 (Underwriters Laboratories ibipimo byumutekano)
Izi mpamyabumenyi zemeza imikorere yigikoresho, kwizerwa, nibiranga umutekano. Kubahiriza byemeza ko abata muri yombi bujuje ibisabwa byinganda kandi bagatanga uburinzi bwizewe muri sisitemu zitandukanye zamashanyarazi.

Umwanzuro

Abafata amashanyarazi makebyerekana igisubizo gikomeye cyikoranabuhanga mukurinda ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi bigenda bigorana. Muguhuza tekinoroji ya semiconductor igezweho, ubwubatsi bwuzuye, hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo kurinda, ibyo bikoresho birinda ibikoresho bihenze kandi byoroshye kwirinda imashanyarazi idateganijwe. Mugihe twishingikirije kuri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki ikomeje kwiyongera, akamaro ko kurinda imbaraga zikomeye zirushaho kuba iyambere. Gushora imari mu bafata ibyemezo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntabwo ari tekiniki gusa ahubwo ni ingamba zifatika zo gukomeza ibikorwa, gukumira ibikoresho bihenze, no kwemeza kuramba kwa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi na elegitoronike mu nganda zitandukanye no mu bikorwa.