Umuvuduko mwinshi wa DC Kubaga Kurinda izuba rya Photovoltaic

Mugihe cyihuta cyihuta cyingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, sisitemu yizuba yizuba irerekana umupaka wingenzi wokubyara amashanyarazi arambye, bisaba uburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda amashanyarazi.Kurinda DCKugaragara nkabashinzwe kurinda ibyo bikoresho byizuba bitangaje, bitanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwirinda amashanyarazi ashobora kwangiza hamwe na voltage anomalies. Byashizweho byumwihariko kubidukikije byumuvuduko mwinshi DC mubisanzwe muri sisitemu yizuba ya PV, ibyo bikoresho byihariye birinda izuba (SPDs) birinda ibice byizuba byizuba, inverter, sisitemu yo kugenzura, hamwe nibikorwa remezo bikomeye byamashanyarazi biturutse kumashanyarazi adateganijwe. Gukora neza murwego rusaba ingufu zingana na 1000V DC, aba barinzi bateye imbere bakoresha tekinoroji igezweho kugirango bamenye, bahagarike, kandi bayobore ingufu zamashanyarazi zangiza muri microseconds. Mugukumira umuyaga wa voltage uterwa no gukubitwa ninkuba, guhinduranya gride, hamwe no kwivanga kwa electronique, abashinzwe umutekano ba DC bareba neza kuramba, kwizerwa, no gukora neza kwingufu zizuba. Igishushanyo mbonera cyabo kirimo uburyo bwinshi bwo kurinda, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingufu nyinshi, hamwe nubwubatsi bukomeye bushobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bibi. Mu gihe ingufu z'izuba zikomeje kwaguka ku isi hose, abo barinda izamu bagaragaza igisubizo cy'ikoranabuhanga ntangarugero, bikemura icyuho kiri hagati y'ibikorwa remezo by'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n'ingamba zuzuye zo kurinda amashanyarazi.

Umuvuduko mwinshi wa Range Guhuza

Kurinda DC kurinda sisitemu yizuba PV byashizweho kugirango bikore mumashanyarazi yagutse, mubisanzwe bikora sisitemu kuva 600V kugeza 1500V DC. Ubu buryo bwagutse butuma habaho kurinda byimazeyo imirasire y'izuba itandukanye, uhereye ku nyubako nto zituwe kugeza ku masoko manini akoresha imirasire y'izuba. Ubushobozi bwigikoresho cyo gucunga ibyifuzo bya voltage zitandukanye bituma habaho guhuza bidasubirwaho ibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye byizuba, bitanga uburyo bwo kurinda bworoshye kandi buhindagurika bushobora kwakira ibipimo byikoranabuhanga bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe nibisobanuro byashyizweho.

Surge Yubu Yihangane Ubushobozi

Kurinda izuba ryinshi rya DC byateguwe kugirango bihangane n’urwego runini rwiyongera, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 20kA kugeza 40kA kuri pole. Ubu bushobozi butangaje bwubu burinda umutekano muke kwirinda imvururu zikabije zamashanyarazi, harimo inkuba itaziguye kandi itaziguye. Ubushobozi buhanitse bwo kwihanganira ubushobozi bugerwaho hifashishijwe ibice byimbere byimbere nka varistors yihariye ya oxyde (MOVs), inzira ikora neza, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe. Mugucunga neza ingufu nini zamashanyarazi, abo barinda surge birinda kwangirika kwibikoresho kandi bikagumana ubusugire bwimiterere yizuba ryamashanyarazi ya PV.

Amahitamo menshi ya Iboneza

Kurinda izuba rya DC biraboneka muburyo butandukanye, harimo 2-pole, 3-pole, na 4-pole. Ihinduka ryemerera guhuza neza nububiko butandukanye bwizuba hamwe nibisabwa byumuriro. Ibice bibiri-bikoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yoroshye ya DC, mugihe ibishushanyo 3-pole na 4-pole bitanga uburinzi bwuzuye murwego rwizuba rukomeye. Amahitamo menshi ya pole yemeza ko kurinda ibicuruzwa bishobora kugereranywa na sisitemu yihariye, ikarinda imiyoboro myiza n'ibibi, kimwe n'ubutaka.

Igihe cyihuse cyo gusubiza

Izi nzobere zihariye zo kubaga ziranga ibihe bidasanzwe byigihe cyo gusubiza, akenshi munsi ya nanosekondi 25. Igisubizo cyihuse cyemeza ko ibice bigize sisitemu yizuba bikingiwe kurinda imbaraga za voltage zangiza mbere yuko byangirika. Uburyo bwo kurinda inkuba bwihuse bukoresha tekinoroji ya semiconductor igezweho nka tebes ya gaze isohora gaze hamwe na varistors ya oxyde oxyde kugirango uhite umenya kandi uyohereze ingufu z'amashanyarazi zirenze. Uru rwego rwa microsecond intervention irinda kwangirika kwizuba rihenze ryizuba, ibikoresho byo kugenzura, hamwe nibice bigize array.

Kuramba kw'ibidukikije

Solar DC izungurukazakozwe kugirango zihangane n’ibidukikije bikabije, mubisanzwe bipimwa kubushyuhe buri hagati ya -40? C kugeza +85? C. Uruzitiro rukomeye rurinda ibice by'imbere umukungugu, ubushuhe, imirasire ya UV, hamwe no guhangayika. Ibikoresho byabugenewe byabugenewe hamwe nibikoresho bya polymer byateye imbere byongera igihe kirekire, bigatuma ibyo bikoresho bikwiranye no guhangana n’izuba hanze. Ibipimo byo hejuru byinjira (IP) byerekana imikorere ihamye ahantu hatandukanye, kuva mubutayu kugeza ku nkombe n’imisozi.

Icyemezo no kubahiriza

Abashinzwe kurinda izuba DC babigize umwuga bakora ibizamini bikomeye no gutanga ibyemezo, bakurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga nka:
- IEC 61643 (Ibipimo mpuzamahanga bya komisiyo ishinzwe amashanyarazi)
- EN 50539-11 (Ibipimo byuburayi byo kurinda PV surge surge)
- UL 1449 (Underwriters Laboratories ibipimo byumutekano)
- Impamyabumenyi ya CE na TUV
Izi mpamyabumenyi zuzuye zemeza imikorere yigikoresho, ubwizerwe, nibiranga umutekano, byemeza ko byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa ninganda zikoreshwa nizuba rikoresha amashanyarazi.

Kugaragaza Imiterere

Kurinda izuba rya kijyambere DC birinda tekinoroji igezweho yo kugenzura hamwe n'ibipimo bigaragara neza. LED yerekana itanga amakuru nyayo kubyerekeranye nimikorere, uburyo bwo kunanirwa, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurinda. Moderi zimwe zinonosoye zitanga ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana kure binyuze mumikoreshereze ya digitale, bigafasha isuzuma rihoraho ryimikorere yo gukingira. Ibiranga igenzura byorohereza kubungabunga ibikorwa no gufasha abakoresha kumenya ingaruka zishobora gukingirwa mbere yo kunanirwa gukomeye.

Ubushobozi bwo gukuramo ingufu

Kurinda kubaga sisitemu yizuba ya PV byakozwe hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza ingufu, bipimye inshinge. Ukurikije imiterere yihariye, ibyo bikoresho birashobora gukuramo imbaraga zo kwiyongera kuva kuri 500 kugeza 10,000. Urwego rwo hejuru rwa joule rwerekana imbaraga nyinshi zo kurinda, kwemerera igikoresho kwihanganira ibintu byinshi byiyongera bitabangamiye imikorere yacyo yo kurinda. Uburyo bwo kwinjiza ingufu bukubiyemo ibikoresho kabuhariwe bigabanya vuba ingufu z'amashanyarazi nk'ubushyuhe, bikabuza ingufu zangiza gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba.

Igishushanyo mbonera kandi cyuzuye

Imirasire y'izuba ya Solar DC ikozwe muburyo bwo gukora neza no guhuza ibitekerezo. Ibintu bifatika bifatika bifasha kwinjiza mumirasire y'izuba isanzwe hamwe nimbaho ​​zo gukwirakwiza. Ibishushanyo mbonera byorohereza kwishyiriraho byoroshye, gusimburwa byihuse, hamwe no kuzamura sisitemu hamwe na tekiniki ntoya. Moderi nyinshi zishyigikira gari ya moshi isanzwe ya DIN kandi itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza, byemeza guhuza imirasire y'izuba itandukanye. Igishushanyo mbonera kigabanya kandi sisitemu muri rusange ikirenge cyacyo, icyitonderwa cyingenzi mumirasire y'izuba itagabanijwe. Ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora butuma ibyo bikoresho bigumana imikorere ihanitse nubwo byagabanutse mubunini bwumubiri, bikubiyemo tekinoroji ihanitse yo kurinda murwego ruto.

Gucunga Ubushyuhe no Kwizerwa

Kurinda izuba ryinshi rya DC birinda sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe butuma imikorere idahwitse mubihe bitandukanye bidukikije. Ibi bikoresho bifashisha tekinoroji yihariye yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, harimo ibyuma bikoresha ubushyuhe bwuzuye, ibikoresho bitwara ubushyuhe, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubwenge bukurikirana. Uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe burinda ubushyuhe bwimbere imbere mugihe cyibintu byiyongera, kubungabunga ubusugire bwibikoresho no kongera igihe cyo gukora. Moderi zimwe zateye imbere zirimo uburyo bwo guhagarika ubushyuhe bwikora bukora mugihe ubushyuhe bwimbere burenze ibikorwa byumutekano, bitanga urwego rwinyongera rwo kwirinda impanuka zishobora guterwa nubushyuhe. Izi ngamba zuzuye zumuriro zemeza ko abashinzwe umutekano bashobora gukomeza gukora neza mugihe cyubushyuhe bukabije bwagaragaye mugukoresha izuba, kuva ahantu h'ubutayu bwaka cyane kugeza mu turere twimisozi ikonje.

Umwanzuro

Kurinda DCbyerekana igisubizo gikomeye cyikoranabuhanga mukurinda ibikorwa remezo byamafoto yizuba birinda amashanyarazi. Muguhuza tekinoroji ya semiconductor igezweho, ubwubatsi bwuzuye, hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo kurinda, ibyo bikoresho byemeza kwizerwa no kuramba kwa sisitemu yingufu zishobora kubaho. Mugihe ingufu z'izuba zikomeje kugira uruhare runini mu kubyara ingufu z'isi, kurinda ingufu zikomeye biba umwanya wa mbere. Gushora imari murwego rwohejuru rwokwirinda izuba DC ntabwo ari ukureba tekiniki gusa ahubwo ni uburyo bufatika bwo gukomeza ibikorwa, gukumira ibikoresho bidahenze, no gushyigikira ingufu zirambye ziva mumirasire y'izuba, iy'ubucuruzi, ndetse ningirakamaro.