Kurinda imirasire y'izuba: Ni ngombwa kuri PV Sisitemu yo Kuramba no Kwizerwa

Mw'isi yiyongera cyane ku mbaraga z'izuba, kurinda sisitemu ya Photovoltaque amashanyarazi ni ngombwa mu gukomeza imikorere y'igihe kirekire no kwizerwa.Kurinda izuba. Ibi bikoresho bihanitse bikora nk'abashinzwe kurinda ibikorwa remezo by'izuba, guhagarika no kuyobora ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziteje akaga kure y'izuba ryoroshye, inverter, n'ibindi bigize sisitemu. Mugutanga uburyo bukomeye bwo kwirwanaho, abashinzwe umutekano ntibabuza gusa kwangiza ibikoresho ahubwo banemeza imikorere ikomeza kandi ikora neza yizuba. Akamaro kabo ntigashobora kuvugwa haba mumirasire y'izuba hamwe nubucuruzi, aho ndetse no kwiyongera kwinshi bishobora kuviramo igihombo kinini cyamafaranga ndetse nigihe cyo gutinda kwa sisitemu.

Mugihe imirasire y'izuba ihura n’ibibazo byinshi by’amashanyarazi, harimo inkuba ndetse n’imihindagurikire ya gride, gukenera gukingirwa bikomeye biba iby'ingenzi. Noneho, reka twinjire mubiranga izuba ririnda izuba bituma biba ingenzi mukurinda sisitemu ya PV.

Urwego rwo Kurinda Umuvuduko mwinshi

Kurinda imirasire y'izuba byashizweho kugirango bikore ibintu byinshi bya voltage. Uwiteka1000V DCigipimo cyerekana uburinzi bukomeye kuri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, ishoboye gucunga amashanyarazi akomeye. Uru rugabano rwinshi rwa voltage bivuze ko igikoresho gishobora gukuramo neza no gukwirakwiza ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi atunguranye, bikarinda kwangirika kwizuba rihujwe. Urwego rwo kurinda rusanzwe rukubiyemo ibintu biturutse ku ihindagurika rito rya gride kugeza ku nkuba ikabije iterwa n’umurabyo, bigatuma habaho kurinda byimazeyo izuba ryose.

Byongerewe imbaraga zo kubaga no kwerekana ibyerekana

Kurinda izuba ryambere ririnda ubu birimo gushiramo ibyuma bikurikirana bikurikirana umubare wibyabaye byamashanyarazi igikoresho cyagabanutse neza. Iyi mikorere itanga ubushishozi mubikorwa byimikorere nubushobozi bwo kurinda. Mugukurikirana ibyabaye byiyongera, abakoresha nabatekinisiye barashobora gusuzuma ubuzima bwabashinzwe kurinda no kumenya igihe gusimburwa bishobora gukenerwa. Moderi zimwe zujuje ubuhanga zigaragaza ibipimo bya LED cyangwa ibyerekanwa bya digitale byerekana neza uko igikoresho cyambaye, gitanga ibisobanuro byumvikana, ukirebera hamwe imiterere yumurinzi wa surge. Ubu buryo buboneye bufasha abafite sisitemu yizuba gucunga neza ibikorwa remezo byo kurinda amashanyarazi, bigatuma imikorere ikomeza kandi yizewe yibikorwa byabo bifotora.

Ubushobozi bwo Gusohora Bukuru

Hamwe nubushobozi budasanzwe bwa 15kA bwo gusohora, aba bashinzwe kurinda ibintu bagaragaza imikorere idasanzwe mugucunga amashanyarazi manini. Iri gipimo kinini cyo gusohora bivuze ko igikoresho gishobora gukoresha ingufu nyinshi zitabangamiye ubunyangamugayo bwacyo. Ubushobozi bwa 15kA bugaragaza uburyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda ibintu by’amashanyarazi bikabije, bigaha abafite imirasire y'izuba bizeye ko ibikoresho byabo bikomeza kurindwa no mu gihe habaye amashanyarazi akomeye. Iyi mikorere ni ingenzi cyane mukarere gakunze kwibasirwa ninkuba cyangwa ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi bidahindagurika.

Kurinda Uburyo bubiri (DC na AC)

Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi birinda izuba rigezweho kurinda ni ubushobozi bwabo bwo kurinda umutekano haba mumashanyarazi ataziguye (DC) no guhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC). Ubu buryo bubiri bwo kurinda butuma ubwuzuzanye bwuzuye muri sisitemu yizuba yose, uhereye kumirasire yizuba kugeza kuri inverter hamwe na gride ihuza. Mugukemura ibibazo bishobora kwiyongera muri DC na AC, ibyo bikoresho bitanga uburinzi bwuzuye bugabanya intege nke kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwamashanyarazi.

Igishushanyo mbonera kandi kinini

Kurinda imirasire y'izuba biragenda bitegurwa hifashishijwe modularité hamwe nubunini. Ubu buryo bushya butuma kwaguka byoroshye no guhuza na sisitemu zo gukingira izuba ryiyongera cyangwa rigahinduka. Ibishushanyo mbonera bifasha abakoresha kongeramo cyangwa gusimbuza ibice byo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye bitabangamiye sisitemu yose, bitanga ihinduka ryimiterere mito mito yo guturamo hamwe nizuba rinini ryubucuruzi. Kamere nini isobanura ko kurinda ibicuruzwa bishobora guhuzwa neza nibisabwa byihariye bitanga ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba, bikarinda umutekano mwiza muburyo butandukanye bwa sisitemu.

Ubushobozi bwo Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana Ubushobozi

Igisekuru gishya cyokwirinda izuba gikubiyemo tekinoroji yo gusuzuma no kugenzura. Izi sisitemu zubwenge zirashobora gutanga amakuru nyayo kubyerekeranye nigikorwa cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa, harimo urwego rwo kwinjiza ingufu, ubushobozi bwo kurinda, hamwe n’ibipimo bishobora gutesha agaciro. Abashinzwe kurinda ibintu byinshi bigezweho barashobora guhuzwa nuburyo bwogukurikirana bwubwenge, butuma kugera kure kubipimo byimikorere ukoresheje porogaramu za terefone cyangwa interineti. Iri terambere ryikoranabuhanga rituma habaho gufata neza, bifasha guhanura ibishobora kunanirwa, kandi bigaha abakoresha ubushishozi bwuzuye kubijyanye nizuba ryumuriro wizuba.

Ubwubatsi bukomeye bw'ikoranabuhanga

Kurinda izubazubatswe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bigezweho nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho bigamije guhangana n’ibidukikije bibi. Ubusanzwe hagaragaramo icyuma-oxyde varistor (MOV) cyangwa uburyo bwo gusohora gazi (GDT), ibyo bikoresho birashobora gusubiza byihuse umuvuduko ukabije wa voltage, bigakora inzira irwanya imbaraga nkeya kubutaka buyobora ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziteye akaga. Ubwubatsi bukomeye butuma kwizerwa kuramba, hamwe nabashinzwe kurinda ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bagenewe gukora neza imyaka myinshi nta kwangirika gukomeye.

Igihe cyihuse cyo gusubiza

Umuvuduko ningirakamaro mukurinda surge, kandi ibyo bikoresho byakorewe igisubizo hafi-ako kanya. Kurinda izuba bigezweho birashobora gutahura no kubyitwaramo mumashanyarazi ya nanosekondi, bikarinda neza ibyangiritse mbere yuko bibaho. Iki gihe cyihuta cyane cyo gusubiza ningirakamaro mukurinda ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye nka inverter izuba hamwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana. Ubushobozi bwo kwihutisha gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikabije bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bihoraho kandi bikomeza sisitemu ikomeza.

Ubushyuhe no Kurwanya Ibidukikije

Imirasire y'izuba ikunze kubaho mubidukikije bigoye, guhera mubutayu bwaka cyane mukarere gashyuha gashyuha. Kurinda ubuziranenge bwo hejuru byateguwe hamwe no kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, mubisanzwe bikora neza hagati ya -40 ° C kugeza + 85 ° C. Byongeye kandi, biranga uruzitiro rukomeye rurinda umukungugu, ubushuhe, nimirasire ya UV. Uku guhangana n’ibidukikije gutuma imikorere idahwitse ahantu hatandukanye n’imiterere y’ikirere, bigatuma bikwirakwizwa n’izuba ku isi.

Kwiyubaka no Kubungabunga byoroshye

Kurinda imirasire y'izuba bigezweho byashizweho kugirango byinjire mu buryo butaziguye amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Mubisanzwe biranga ibishushanyo mbonera bisanzwe bihuza n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'izuba. Moderi nyinshi zirimo ibipimo byerekana cyangwa ibimenyetso byo gusuzuma bifasha abatekinisiye gusuzuma vuba imikorere yimikorere. Impapuro zimwe zateye imbere ndetse zitanga ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana kure, kwemerera ba nyiri sisitemu gukurikirana imikorere yo gukingira no kwakira imenyesha kubibazo bishobora kuvuka.

Kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga

Kurinda izuba bizwi cyane byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga n’umutekano. Impamyabumenyi zitangwa n’imiryango nka IEC (Komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi), UL (Laboratoire zandika), na IEEE (Ikigo cy’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga) zemeza ubuziranenge bwazo kandi bwizewe. Izi mpamyabumenyi zemeza ko abashinzwe umutekano babaga bakoze ibizamini byinshi kandi byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango umutekano w’amashanyarazi, imikorere, kandi urambe. Kubahiriza aya mahame biha abakoresha ikizere cyinyongera mu ishoramari ryabo ririnda izuba.

Umwanzuro

Kurinda izubaguhagararira ishoramari rikomeye mu kurinda ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Mugutanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwirinda amashanyarazi, ibyo bikoresho byemeza kuramba, kwiringirwa, no gukora sisitemu yizuba. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryambere, rifatanije nubwubatsi bukomeye hamwe nuburyo bwihuse bwo gusubiza, bituma biba ikintu cyingenzi mubikoresho bigezweho bifotora. Mu gihe ingufu z'izuba zikomeje kwiyongera ku isi, uruhare rwo kurinda ubwiza bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru rugenda ruba ingenzi, rukarinda ishoramari rikomeye ry’imari n'ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe mu bikorwa remezo by'ingufu zishobora kubaho.